value-investing
Canada's TSX returned 9.79% CAGR on a low P/B screen over 25 years, +5.36% annual excess vs the TSX Composite. In 2022, the portfolio gained +32% while the TSX fell -8%, the largest annual spread across all 17 exchanges we tested.
backtests
We tested buying stocks trading below Benjamin Graham's intrinsic value formula. 12.40% CAGR vs 8.01% SPY over 25 years, with 122% up-capture and 0% cash periods. The 75-year-old formula still works without modification.
backtests
We tested Graham Number timing on Swedish stocks. 12.98% CAGR vs 8.01% SPY, +4.97% excess. 0.544 Sharpe ratio (best globally), 72% down-capture. The Goldilocks result: high alpha with controlled risk.
backtests
We tested Graham Number timing on Indian stocks (BSE+NSE). 13.44% CAGR vs 8.01% SPY, +5.43% excess (best globally). 57.1% down-capture with 122.5% up-capture. Value investing asymmetry in emerging markets.
backtests
We tested Benjamin Graham's intrinsic value formula across 14 global exchanges. 8 of 14 beat SPY. Winners: developed value markets (Sweden +4.97%, US +4.39%) and emerging markets (India +5.43%). Losers: high-growth Asia (Taiwan -3.13%).
value-investing
The P/TBV strategy on the London Stock Exchange returned 10.46% annualised over 25 years against the FTSE 100's 1.23%, adding 9.24% per year with a maximum drawdown of -38.54%. It beat the FTSE in 20 out of 25 years.
value-investing
The P/TBV strategy on Germany's XETRA returned 6.90% annualised over 25 years, beating the DAX's 5.04% by 1.86% per year. Down capture of 34.4% means the portfolio absorbs about a third of the DAX's losses in down years.
value-investing
The P/TBV strategy on China's Shenzhen and Shanghai exchanges returned 9.84% annualised over 25 years against the SSE Composite's 2.43%, adding 7.41% per year. It beat the domestic benchmark in 18 of 25 years.
backtests
We screened for US stocks where earnings yields significantly exceed government bond rates and ran the backtest from 2000 to 2025. The strategy delivered 8.60% CAGR vs 7.64% for SPY, with notably better bear market behavior.
backtests
We tested the yield gap strategy on London Stock Exchange stocks from 2000 to 2025. The UK delivered 11.29% CAGR vs 7.64% for SPY — the highest excess return across all 20 markets in our study, and +10.43% annually above the FTSE 100.
backtests
We ran the yield gap strategy on Stockholm Stock Exchange stocks from 2000 to 2025. The result: 10.61% CAGR vs 2.95% for OMX Stockholm 30 (+7.66% excess), with a 76% annual win rate against the local index.
backtests
India's high risk-free rate (6.5%) sets a strict 9.5% earnings yield threshold. NSE yield gap stocks returned 10.68% CAGR vs 11.40% for Sensex — trailing the local index by 0.72% annually but beating SPY by +3.04% over 19 invested years.